Category Archives: Data Science
Logit vs Probit Models: Differences, Examples
Logit and Probit models are both types of regression models commonly used in statistical analysis, particularly in the field of binary classification. This means that the outcome of interest can only take on two possible values / classes. In most cases, these models are used to predict whether or not something will happen in form of binary outcome. For example, a bank might want to know if a particular borrower might default on loan or otherwise. In this blog post, we will explain what logit and probit models are, and we will provide examples of how they can be used. As data scientists, it is important to understand the concepts …
Linear Regression Cost Function: Python Example
Linear regression is a foundational algorithm in machine learning and statistics, used for predicting numerical values based on input data. Understanding the cost function in linear regression is crucial for grasping how these models are trained and optimized. In this blog, we will understand different aspects of cost function used in linear regression including how it does help in building a regression model having high performance. What is a Cost Function in Linear Regression? In linear regression, the cost function quantifies the error between predicted values and actual data points. It is a measure of how far off a linear model’s predictions are from the actual values. The most commonly …
KNN vs Logistic Regression: Differences, Examples
In this blog, we will learn about the differences between K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Logistic Regression, two pivotal algorithms in machine learning, with the help of examples. The goal is to understand the intricacies of KNN’s instance-based learning and Logistic Regression‘s probability modeling for binary and multinomial outcomes, offering clarity on their core principles. We will also navigate through the practical applications of K-NN and logistic regression algorithms, showcasing real-world examples in various business domains like healthcare and finance. Accompanying this, we’ll provide concise Python code samples, guiding you through implementing these algorithms with datasets. This dual focus on theory and practicality aims to equip you with both the understanding …
Python – How to Create Scatter Plot with IRIS Dataset
Last updated: 1st Dec, 2023 In this blog post, we will be learning how to create a Scatter Plot with the IRIS dataset using Python. The IRIS dataset is a collection of data that is used to demonstrate the properties of various statistical models. It contains information about 50 observations on four different variables: Petal Length, Petal Width, Sepal Length, and Sepal Width. As data scientists, it is important for us to be able to visualize the data that we are working with. Scatter plots are a great way to do this because they show the relationship between two variables. In this post, we learn how to plot IRIS dataset …
Chebyshev’s Theorem: Formula & Examples
Chebyshev’s theorem is a fundamental concept in statistics that allows us to determine the probability of data values falling within a certain range defined by mean and standard deviation. This theorem makes it possible to calculate the probability of a given dataset being within K standard deviations away from the mean. It is important for data scientists, statisticians, and analysts to understand this theorem as it can be used to assess the spread of data points around a mean value. What is Chebyshev’s Theorem? Chebyshev’s Theorem, also known as Chebyshev’s Rule, states that in any probability distribution, the proportion of outcomes that lie within k standard deviations from the mean …
AIC in Logistic Regression: Formula, Example
Have you as a data scientist ever been challenged by choosing the best logistic regression model for your data? As we all know, the difference between a good and the best model while training machine learning model can be subtle yet impactful. Whether it’s predicting the likelihood of an event occurring or classifying data into distinct categories, logistic regression provides a robust framework for analysts and researchers. However, the true power of logistic regression is harnessed not just by building models, but also by selecting the right model. This is where the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) comes into play. In this blog, we’ll delve into different aspects of AIC, decode …
30+ Logistic Regression Interview Questions & Answers
Last updated: 29th Nov, 2023 This page lists down the practice tests / interview questions and answers for Logistic regression in machine learning. Those wanting to test their machine learning knowledge in relation with logistic regression would find these practice tests very useful. The goal for these practice tests is to help you check your knowledge in logistic regression machine learning models from time-to-time. More importantly, when you are preparing for interviews, these practice tests are intended to be handy enough. Those going for freshers / intern interviews in the area of machine learning would also find these practice tests / interview questions to be very helpful. These test primarily focus on …
Standard Deviation vs Standard Error: Formula, Examples
Understanding the differences between standard deviation and standard error is crucial for anyone involved in statistical analysis or research. These concepts, while related, serve different purposes in the realm of statistics. In this blog, we will delve into their differences, applications in research, formulas, and practical examples. Introduction to Standard Deviation & Standard Error At the heart of statistical analysis lies the need to understand and quantify variability. This is where standard deviation and standard error come into play. What’s standard deviation? Standard Deviation is a measure that reflects the amount of variation or dispersion within a dataset. It indicates how much individual data points deviate from the mean (average) …
Coefficient of Variation vs Standard Deviation
Last updated: 28th Nov, 2023 Understanding the difference between coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) is essential for statisticians and data scientists. While both concepts measure variability in a dataset, they are calculated differently and can be used in different scenarios for better understanding. Here, we will explore the coefficient of variation vs standard deviation differences to gain a better understanding of how to use them. Coefficient of Variation vs Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation (CV) is a measure that is used to compare the amount of variation in a dataset relative to its mean value. It is calculated by taking the standard deviation divided by the mean, then …
Difference: Binary vs Multiclass vs Multilabel Classification
Last updated: 28th Nov, 2023 There are three main types of classification algorithms when dealing with machine learning classification problems: Binary, Multiclass, and Multilabel. In this blog post, we will discuss the differences between them and how they can be used to solve different problems. Binary classifiers can only classify data into two categories, while multiclass classifiers can classify data into more than two categories. Multilabel classifiers assign or tag the data to zero or more categories. Let’s take a closer look at each type! Binary classification & examples Binary classification is a type of supervised machine learning problem that requires classifying data into two mutually exclusive groups or categories. …
Classification Problems in Machine Learning: Examples
In this post, you will learn about some popular and most common real-life examples of machine learning (ML) classification problems. For beginner data scientists, these examples of classification problems will prove to be helpful to gain perspectives on real-world problems which can be solved using classification algorithms in machine learning. This post will be updated from time-to-time to include interesting examples which can be solved by training classification models. Before going ahead and looking into examples, let’s understand a little about what is an ML classification problem. You may as well skip this section if you are familiar with the definition of machine learning classification problems & solutions. You may …
Z-test vs T-test vs Chi-square test: Differences, Examples
In the world of data science, understanding the differences between various statistical tests is crucial for accurate data analysis. Three most popular tests – the Z-test, T-test, and Chi-square test – each serve specific purposes. This blog post will delve into their definitions, types, formulas, appropriate usage scenarios, and the Python/R packages that can be used for their implementation, along with real-world examples. Check out a detailed post on the differences between Z-test vs T-test. Definition: What’s Z-test vs T-test vs Chi-square test? The following represents the definition of each of the tests along with a real-world example: Z-test: The Z-test is a statistical test used to determine if there …
Learning Curves Python Sklearn Example
Last updated: 26th Nov, 2023 In this post, you will learn about how to use learning curves to assess the improvement in learning performance (accuracy, error rate, etc.) of a machine learning model while implementing using Python (Sklearn) packages. Knowing how to use learning curves will help you assess/diagnose whether the model is suffering from high bias (underfitting) or high variance (overfitting) and whether increasing training data samples could help solve the bias or variance problem. You may want to check some of the following posts in order to get a better understanding of bias-variance and underfitting-overfitting. Bias-variance concepts and interview questions Overfitting/Underfitting concepts and interview questions What are learning curves? …
Procurement Analytics Use Cases Examples
Last updated: 26th Nov, 2023 The procurement analytics applications is seeing tremendous growth in last few years. With so much data available, advancement in data analytics and related technology field, and the need for digital transformation across procurement organizations, it’s important to know how procurement analytics can help you make better business decisions. This blog will cover procurement analytics and key use cases examples from advanced analytics field such as machine learning, AI, generative AI that will be useful for business stakeholders such as category managers, sourcing managers, supplier relationship managers, business analysts/product managers, and data scientists to implement different use cases using machine learning. The use cases around data-driven decision …
Data Science Explained: Framework, Methods, Examples
What is data science? This is a question that many people who are planning to start learning data science are asking, and for good reason. Data science is increasingly being applied to solve real-world issues, encompassing a broad range of areas. In this blog post, we’re going to explore data science: what it is, the methods it employs, and how it’s applied to solve various problems, with relevant examples. Stick with us, and by the end of this post, you’ll gain a comprehensive understanding of data science and its significance! What is Data Science? Before understanding what is data science, let’s understand what is science? Science can be defined as …
Bagging Classifier Python Code Example
Last updated: 25th Nov, 2023 Bagging is a type of an ensemble machine learning approach that combines the outputs from many learner to improve performance. The bagging algorithm works by dividing the training set into smaller subsets. These subsets are then processed through different machine-learning models. After processing, the predictions from each model are combined. This combination of predictions is used to generate an overall prediction for each instance in the original data. In this blog post, you will learn about the concept of Bagging along with Bagging Classifier Python code example. Bagging can be used in machine learning for both classification and regression problem. The bagging classifier technique is utilized across a …
I found it very helpful. However the differences are not too understandable for me