Tag Archives: Data Science
Histogram Plots using Matplotlib & Pandas: Python
Histograms are a graphical representation of the distribution of data. In Python, there are several ways to create histograms. One popular method is to use the Matplotlib library. In this tutorial, we will show you how to create different types histogram plots in Python using Matplotlib. As data scientists, it is important to learn how to create visualizations to communicate our findings. Histograms are one way to do this effectively. What are Histogram plots? Histogram plots are a way of representing the distribution of data. A histogram is made up of bars, with each bar representing a certain range of data values. The height of the bar indicates how many …
Generative vs Discriminative Models: Examples
The field of machine learning is rapidly evolving, and with it, the concepts and techniques that are used to develop models that can learn from data. Among these concepts, generative and discriminative models are two widely used approaches in the field. Generative models learn the joint probability distribution of the input features and output labels, whereas discriminative models learn the conditional probability distribution of the output labels given the input features. While both models have their strengths and weaknesses, understanding the differences between them is crucial to developing effective machine learning systems. Real-world problems such as speech recognition, natural language processing, and computer vision, require complex solutions that are able …
Accuracy, Precision, Recall & F1-Score – Python Examples
Classification models are used in classification problems to predict the target class of the data sample. The classification model predicts the probability that each instance belongs to one class or another. It is important to evaluate the performance of the classifications model in order to reliably use these models in production for solving real-world problems. Performance measures in machine learning classification models are used to assess how well machine learning classification models perform in a given context. These performance metrics include accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Because it helps us understand the strengths and limitations of these models when making predictions in new situations, model performance is essential for machine learning. …
Pandas Dataframe: How to Add Rows & Columns
Pandas is a popular data manipulation library in Python, widely used for data analysis and data science tasks. Pandas Dataframe is a two-dimensional labeled data structure with columns of potentially different types, similar to a spreadsheet or SQL table. One of the common tasks in data manipulation is adding new rows or columns to an existing dataframe. It might seem like a trivial task, but choosing the right method to add rows or columns can significantly impact the performance and efficiency of your code. In this blog, we will explore the different ways to add rows and columns to a Pandas Dataframe. We will look into different methods available in …
When to Use Z-test vs T-test: Differences, Examples
When it comes to statistical tests, z-test and t-test are two of the most commonly used. But what is the difference between z-test and t-test? And when should you use Z-test vs T-test? In this blog post, we will answer all these questions and more! We will start by explaining the difference between z-test and t-test in terms of their formulas. Then we will go over some examples so that you can see how each test is used in practice. As data scientists, it is important to understand the difference between z-test and t-test so that you can choose the right test for your data. Let’s get started! Difference between …
Demystifying Encoder Decoder Architecture & Neural Network
In the field of AI / machine learning, the encoder-decoder architecture is a widely-used framework for developing neural networks that can perform natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as language translation, etc. This architecture involves a two-stage process where the input data is first encoded into a fixed-length representation, which is then decoded to produce an output that matches the desired format. As a data scientist, understanding the encoder-decoder architecture and its underlying neural network principles is crucial for building sophisticated models that can handle complex data sets. By leveraging encoder-decoder neural network architecture, data scientists can design neural networks that can learn from large amounts of data, accurately classify …
Sequence to Sequence Models: Types, Examples
Sequence to sequence (Seq2Seq) modeling is a powerful machine learning technique that has revolutionized the way we do natural language processing (NLP). It allows us to process input sequences of varying lengths and produce output sequences of varying lengths, making it particularly useful for tasks such as language translation, speech recognition, and chatbot development. Sequence to sequence modeling also provides a great foundation for creating text summarizers, question answering systems, sentiment analysis systems, and more. With its wide range of applications, learning about sequence to sequence modeling concepts is essential for anyone who wants to work in the field of natural language processing. This blog post will discuss types of …
Natural Language Processing (NLP) Task Examples
Have you ever wondered how your phone’s voice assistant understands your commands and responds appropriately? Or how search engines are able to provide relevant results for your queries? The answer lies in Natural Language Processing (NLP), a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on enabling machines to understand and process human language. NLP is becoming increasingly important in today’s world as more and more businesses are adopting AI-powered solutions to improve customer experiences, automate manual tasks, and gain insights from large volumes of textual data. With recent advancements in AI technology, it is now possible to use pre-trained language models such as ChatGPT to perform various NLP tasks with …
Types of Data Visualization: Examples
In today’s data-driven world, the ability to extract insights from vast amounts of information has become a critical skill for data scientists and analysts. Visualizing data through charts, graphs, and other types of visual representations can help them uncover patterns and relationships that might be difficult to spot otherwise. However, not all visualizations are created equal, and choosing the right type of visualization can make all the difference in communicating insights effectively. That’s why understanding the different types of visualization available is crucial for data visualization experts and data scientists. In this blog, we’ll explore some of the most common types of visualization, including comparison plots, relation plots, composition plots …
Hypothesis Testing Steps & Examples
Hypothesis testing is a technique that helps scientists, researchers, or for that matter, anyone test the validity of their claims or hypotheses about real-world or real-life events in order to establish new knowledge. Hypothesis testing techniques are often used in statistics and data science to analyze whether the claims about the occurrence of the events are true, whether the results returned by performance metrics of machine learning models are representative of the models or they happened by chance. This blog post will cover some of the key statistical concepts including steps and examples in relation to what is hypothesis testing, how to formulate them and how to use them in …
Statistics Terminologies Cheat Sheet & Examples
Have you ever felt overwhelmed by all the statistics terminology out there? From sampling distribution to central limit theorem to null hypothesis to p-values to standard deviation, it can be hard to keep up with all the statistical concepts and how they fit into your research. That’s why we created a Statistics Terminologies Cheat Sheet & Examples – a comprehensive guide to help you better understand the essential terms and their use in data analysis. Our cheat sheet covers topics like descriptive statistics, probability, hypothesis testing, and more. And each definition is accompanied by an example to help illuminate the concept even further. Understanding statistics terminology is critical for data …
Machine Learning Bias Explained with Examples
In the artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) powered world where predictive models have started getting used more often in decision-making areas, the primary concerns of policy makers, auditors and end users have been to make sure that these systems using the models are not making biased/unfair decisions based on model predictions (intentional or unintentional discrimination). Imagine industries such as banking, insurance, and employment where models are used as solutions to decision-making problems such as shortlisting candidates for interviews, approving loans/credits, deciding insurance premiums etc. How harmful it could be to the end users as these decisions may impact their livelihood based on biased predictions made by the model, thereby, …
Machine Learning Concepts & Examples
Machine learning is a machine’s ability to learn from data. It has been around for decades, but machine learning is now being applied in nearly every industry and job function. In this blog post, we’ll cover a detailed introduction to what is machine learning (ML) including different definitions. We will also learn about different types of machine learning tasks, algorithms, etc along with real-world examples. What is machine learning & how does it work? Simply speaking, machine learning can be used to model our beliefs about real-world events. For example, let’s say a person came to a doctor with a certain blood report. A doctor based on his belief system …
Chi-square test – Types, Concepts, Examples
The Chi-square (χ2) test is a statistical test used to determine whether the distribution of observed data is consistent with the distribution of data expected under a particular hypothesis. The Chi-square test can be used to compare or evaluate the independence of two distributions, or to assess the goodness of fit of a given distribution to observed data. In this blog post, we will discuss different types of Chi-square tests, the concepts behind them, and how to perform them using Python / R. As data scientists, it is important to have a strong understanding of the Chi-square test so that we can use it to make informed decisions about our …
Geometric Distribution Concepts, Formula, Examples
Geometric Distribution, a widely used concept in probability theory, is used to represent the probability of achieving success or failure in a series of independent trials, where the probability of success remains constant. It is one of the essential tools used in a wide range of fields, including economics, engineering, physics, and statistics. As data scientists / statisticians, it is of utmost important to understand its concepts and applications in a clear manner. In this blog, we will introduce you to the basics of Geometric distribution, starting with its definition and properties. We will also explore the geometric distribution formula and how it is used to calculate the probability of …
Ensemble Methods in Machine Learning: Examples
Machine learning models are often trained with a variety of different methods in order to create a more accurate prediction. Ensemble methods are one way to do this, and involve combining the predictions of several different models in order to get a more accurate result. When different models make predictions together, it can help create a more accurate result. Data scientists should care about this because it can help them create models that are more accurate. In this article, we will look at some of the common ensemble methods used in machine learning. Data scientists should care about this because it can help them create models that are more accurate. …
