Tag Archives: machine learning
Python – How to Create Scatter Plot with IRIS Dataset
Last updated: 1st Dec, 2023 In this blog post, we will be learning how to create a Scatter Plot with the IRIS dataset using Python. The IRIS dataset is a collection of data that is used to demonstrate the properties of various statistical models. It contains information about 50 observations on four different variables: Petal Length, Petal Width, Sepal Length, and Sepal Width. As data scientists, it is important for us to be able to visualize the data that we are working with. Scatter plots are a great way to do this because they show the relationship between two variables. In this post, we learn how to plot IRIS dataset …
AIC in Logistic Regression: Formula, Example
Have you as a data scientist ever been challenged by choosing the best logistic regression model for your data? As we all know, the difference between a good and the best model while training machine learning model can be subtle yet impactful. Whether it’s predicting the likelihood of an event occurring or classifying data into distinct categories, logistic regression provides a robust framework for analysts and researchers. However, the true power of logistic regression is harnessed not just by building models, but also by selecting the right model. This is where the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) comes into play. In this blog, we’ll delve into different aspects of AIC, decode …
30+ Logistic Regression Interview Questions & Answers
Last updated: 29th Nov, 2023 This page lists down the practice tests / interview questions and answers for Logistic regression in machine learning. Those wanting to test their machine learning knowledge in relation with logistic regression would find these practice tests very useful. The goal for these practice tests is to help you check your knowledge in logistic regression machine learning models from time-to-time. More importantly, when you are preparing for interviews, these practice tests are intended to be handy enough. Those going for freshers / intern interviews in the area of machine learning would also find these practice tests / interview questions to be very helpful. These test primarily focus on …
Difference: Binary vs Multiclass vs Multilabel Classification
Last updated: 28th Nov, 2023 There are three main types of classification algorithms when dealing with machine learning classification problems: Binary, Multiclass, and Multilabel. In this blog post, we will discuss the differences between them and how they can be used to solve different problems. Binary classifiers can only classify data into two categories, while multiclass classifiers can classify data into more than two categories. Multilabel classifiers assign or tag the data to zero or more categories. Let’s take a closer look at each type! Binary classification & examples Binary classification is a type of supervised machine learning problem that requires classifying data into two mutually exclusive groups or categories. …
Classification Problems in Machine Learning: Examples
In this post, you will learn about some popular and most common real-life examples of machine learning (ML) classification problems. For beginner data scientists, these examples of classification problems will prove to be helpful to gain perspectives on real-world problems which can be solved using classification algorithms in machine learning. This post will be updated from time-to-time to include interesting examples which can be solved by training classification models. Before going ahead and looking into examples, let’s understand a little about what is an ML classification problem. You may as well skip this section if you are familiar with the definition of machine learning classification problems & solutions. You may …
Gradient Descent in Machine Learning: Python Examples
Last updated: 26th Nov, 2023 In this post, you will learn about gradient descent algorithm and its importance in training machine learning models. For a data scientist, it is of utmost importance to get a good grasp on the concepts of gradient descent algorithm as it is widely used for optimizing / minimizing the objective function / loss function related to various machine learning models such as regression, neural network etc. in terms of learning optimal weights / parameters. This algorithm is essential because it underpins many machine learning models, enabling them to learn from data by optimizing their performance. By understanding gradient descent, one gains insight into how algorithms …
Learning Curves Python Sklearn Example
Last updated: 26th Nov, 2023 In this post, you will learn about how to use learning curves to assess the improvement in learning performance (accuracy, error rate, etc.) of a machine learning model while implementing using Python (Sklearn) packages. Knowing how to use learning curves will help you assess/diagnose whether the model is suffering from high bias (underfitting) or high variance (overfitting) and whether increasing training data samples could help solve the bias or variance problem. You may want to check some of the following posts in order to get a better understanding of bias-variance and underfitting-overfitting. Bias-variance concepts and interview questions Overfitting/Underfitting concepts and interview questions What are learning curves? …
Procurement Analytics Use Cases Examples
Last updated: 26th Nov, 2023 The procurement analytics applications is seeing tremendous growth in last few years. With so much data available, advancement in data analytics and related technology field, and the need for digital transformation across procurement organizations, it’s important to know how procurement analytics can help you make better business decisions. This blog will cover procurement analytics and key use cases examples from advanced analytics field such as machine learning, AI, generative AI that will be useful for business stakeholders such as category managers, sourcing managers, supplier relationship managers, business analysts/product managers, and data scientists to implement different use cases using machine learning. The use cases around data-driven decision …
XGBoost Classifier Explained with Python Example
Among the myriad of machine learning algorithms and techniques available with data scientists, one stands out for its exceptional performance in classification problems: XGBoost, short for eXtreme Gradient Boosting. This algorithm has established itself as a force to reckon with in the data science community, as evidenced by its frequent use and high placements in Kaggle competitions, a platform where data scientists and machine learning practitioners worldwide compete to solve complex data problems. The following plot is taken from Francois Chollet tweet. Above demonstrates the prominence of XGBoost as one of the primary machine learning software tools used by the top-5 teams across 120 Kaggle competitions. The data points in …
Data Science Explained: Framework, Methods, Examples
What is data science? This is a question that many people who are planning to start learning data science are asking, and for good reason. Data science is increasingly being applied to solve real-world issues, encompassing a broad range of areas. In this blog post, we’re going to explore data science: what it is, the methods it employs, and how it’s applied to solve various problems, with relevant examples. Stick with us, and by the end of this post, you’ll gain a comprehensive understanding of data science and its significance! What is Data Science? Before understanding what is data science, let’s understand what is science? Science can be defined as …
Bagging Classifier Python Code Example
Last updated: 25th Nov, 2023 Bagging is a type of an ensemble machine learning approach that combines the outputs from many learner to improve performance. The bagging algorithm works by dividing the training set into smaller subsets. These subsets are then processed through different machine-learning models. After processing, the predictions from each model are combined. This combination of predictions is used to generate an overall prediction for each instance in the original data. In this blog post, you will learn about the concept of Bagging along with Bagging Classifier Python code example. Bagging can be used in machine learning for both classification and regression problem. The bagging classifier technique is utilized across a …
Activation Functions in Neural Networks: Concepts, Examples
Last updated: 24th Nov, 2023 The activation functions are critical to understanding neural networks. There are many activation functions available for data scientists to choose from, when training neural networks. So, it can be difficult to choose which activation function will work best for their needs. In this blog post, we look at different activation functions and provide examples of when they should be used in different types of neural networks. If you are starting on deep learning and wanted to know about different types of activation functions, you may want to bookmark this page for quicker access in the future. What are activation functions in neural networks? In a …
PCA Explained Variance Concepts with Python Example
Last updated: 24th Nov, 2023 Dimensionality reduction is an important technique in data analysis and machine learning that allows us to reduce the number of variables in a dataset while retaining the most important information. By reducing the number of variables, we can simplify the problem, improve computational efficiency, and avoid overfitting. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a popular dimensionality reduction technique that aims to transform a high-dimensional dataset into a lower-dimensional space while retaining most of the information. PCA works by identifying the directions that capture the most variation in the data and projecting the data onto those directions, which are called principal components. However, when we apply PCA, …
R-squared & Adjusted R-squared: Differences, Examples
There are two measures of the strength of linear regression models: adjusted r-squared and r-squared. While they are both important, they measure different aspects of model fit. In this blog post, we will discuss the differences between adjusted r-squared and r-squared, as well as provide some examples to help illustrate their meanings. As a data scientist, it is of utmost importance to understand the differences between adjusted r-squared and r-squared in order to select the most appropriate linear regression model out of different regression models. What is R-squared? R-squared, also known as the coefficient of determination, is a measure of what proportion of the variance in the value of the …
Feature Scaling in Machine Learning: Python Examples
While training machine learning models, we come across the need for scaling features in order to have different features contribute to the predictions in an appropriate manner. Without scaling, features with larger numerical ranges can dominate those with smaller ranges, leading to biased or inefficient learning. In this post you will learn about this feature engineering technique namely feature scaling with Python code examples using which you could significantly improve performance of machine learning models. To demonstrate the technique, the models will be trained using Perceptron (single-layer neural network) classifier. What is Feature Scaling? Why is it needed? Feature scaling is a method used to standardize the range of independent variables …
Machine Learning – Sensitivity vs Specificity Differences, Examples
Last updated: 18th Nov, 2023 Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly being used to learn from data and make decisions or predictions based on that learning. When it comes to evaluating the performance of these ML models, there are several important metrics to consider. One of the most important metrics is the accuracy of the model, which is typically measured using sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity and specificity are two important concepts often used in the context of classification tasks in machine learning. They help to evaluate the performance of a classification model. In this post, we will try and understand the concepts behind machine learning model evaluation metrics such as …
I found it very helpful. However the differences are not too understandable for me