How to Choose Right Machine Learning Algorithms?
In this post, you will learn about tips and techniques which could be used for selecting or choosing the right machine learning algorithms for your machine learning problem. These could be very useful for those data scientists or ML researcher starting to learn data science/machine learning topics. Based on the following, one could go for selecting different classes of machine learning algorithms for training the models. Availability of data Number of features This post deals with the following different scenarios while explaining machine learning algorithms which could be used to solve related problems: A large number of Features, Lesser Volume of Data A smaller number of Features, Large …
QA – How Reliable are your Machine Learning Systems?
In this post, you will learn about different aspects of creating a machine learning system with high reliability. It should be noted that system reliability is one of the key software quality attributes as per ISO 25000 SQUARE specifications. Have you put measures in place to ensure high reliability of your machine learning systems? In this post, you will learn about some of the following: What is the reliability of machine learning systems? Why bother about machine learning models reliability? Who should take care of the ML systems reliability? What is the Reliability of Machine Learning Systems? As like software applications, the reliability of machine learning systems is primarily related to …
Configure Nexus Repository for Docker Registry (Windows)
In this post, you will learn about how to configure Nexus Repository OSS on Windows as a Docker Private Registry. The goal of doing this can be some of the following: Allow developers to push/pull images from local docker image repository installed within the company-wide private network Allow Jenkins jobs to pull images for running automated tasks One of the key aspects of DevOps automation using Docker containers is setting up private Docker registry which could be accessed by developers. This tutorial would help in setting up Nexus repository as a private Docker registry. How to Configure Nexus Repository OSS on Windows for Private Docker Registry The following are the steps to configure Nexus Repository OSS …
Why is QA needed for Machine Learning Models?
Given that the machine learning models are also a kind of conventional software application, the quality assurance principles applied to the conventional software development would or should also apply to build the machine learning models. In this post, you would learn about some of the important reasons as to why Quality Assurance (QA)is important to make sure that the machine learning models of only high quality are deployed in the production. Given that the machine learning models are said to be non-testable, it presents a set of challenges to do the quality control checks or perform testing of machine learning models from a quality assurance perspective. In this relation, I …
Testing Machine Learning Models on Dual Coding Principles
This post intends to propose a technique termed as Dual Coding for testing or performing quality control checks on machine learning models from quality assurance (QA) perspective. This could be useful in performing black box testing of ML models. The proposed technique is based on the principles of Dual Coding Theory (DCT) hypothesized by Allan Paivio of the University of Western Ontario in 1971. According to Dual Coding Theory, our brain uses two different systems including verbal and non-verbal/visual to the gather, process, store and retrieve (recall) the information related to a particular subject. One of the key assumptions of dual coding theory is the connections (also termed as referential …
QA – Blackbox Testing for Machine Learning Models
Data science/Machine learning career has primarily been associated with building models which could do numerical or class-related predictions. This is unlike conventional software development which is associated with both development and “testing” the software. And, the related career profiles are software developer/engineers and test engineers/QA professional. However, in the case of machine learning, the career profile is a data scientist. The usage of the word “testing” in relation to machine learning models is primarily used for testing the model performance in terms of accuracy/precision of the model. It can be noted that the word, “testing”, means different for conventional software development and machine learning models development. Machine learning models would …
Assessing Quality of AI Models from QA Standpoint
In this post, you will learn about the definition of quality of AI / machine learning (ML) models. Getting a good understanding of what is the high and low quality of AI models would help you design quality control checks for testing machine learning models and related quality assurance (QA) practices. This post would be a good read for QA professionals in general. However, it would also help set perspectives for data scientists and machine learning experts. The following are some of the key quality traits which are described in detail for assessing the quality of AI models: Functional suitability Maintainability Usability Efficiency Security Portability When designing QA practice and related quality control checks, all of the above would need to be considered for testing …
QA – Metamorphic Testing for Machine Learning Models
In this post, you will learn about how metamorphic testing could be used for performing quality control checks/testing on machine learning models. The post is primarily meant for data science (QA) specialists to plan the test cases to test the machine learning (ML) model implementation from QA perspective. Testing machine learning models from a quality assurance perspective is different from testing machine learning models for accuracy/performance. The word “testing” is one of the conflicting technical nomenclatures given its usage by machine learning experts and software engineering community in general. In this post, the following topics are discussed: Introduction to metamorphic testing Why metamorphic testing for machine learning models? Automated metamorphic testing of ML models Introduction …
QA – Why Machine Learning Systems are Non-testable
This post represents views on why machine learning systems or models are termed as non-testable from quality control/quality assurance perspectives. Before I proceed ahead, let me humbly state that data scientists/machine learning community has been saying that ML models are testable as they are first trained and then tested using techniques such as cross-validation etc., based on different techniques to increase the model performance, optimize the model. However, “testing” the model is referred with the scenario during the development (model building) phase when data scientists test the model performance by comparing the model outputs (predicted values) with the actual values. This is not the same as testing the model for any given input for which the …
QA – Testing Features of Machine Learning Models
In this post, you will learn about different types of test cases which you could come up for testing features of the data science/machine learning models. Testing features are one of the key set of QA tasks which needed to be performed for ensuring the high performance of machine learning models in a consistent and sustained manner. Features make the most important part of a machine learning model. Features are nothing but the predictor variable which is used to predict the outcome or response variable. Simply speaking, the following function represents y as the outcome variable and x1, x2 and x1x2 as predictor variables. y = a1x1 + a2x2 + a3x1x2 + e In the above function, …
QA of Machine Learning Models with PDCA Cycle
The primary goal of establishing and implementing Quality Assurance (QA) practices for machine learning/data science projects or, projects using machine learning models is to achieve consistent and sustained improvements in business processes making use of underlying ML predictions. This is where the idea of PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act) is applied to establish a repeatable process ensuring that high-quality machine learning (ML) based solutions are served to the clients in a consistent and sustained manner. The following diagram represents the details. The following represents the details listed in the above diagram. Plan Explore/describe the business problems: In this stage, product managers/business analyst sit with data scientist and discuss the business problem at hand. The outcome of this …
QA & Data Science – How to Test Features Relevance
In this post, I intend to present a perspective on the need for QA / testing team to test the feature relevance when testing the machine learning models as part of data science QA initiatives, and, different techniques which could be used to test or perform QA on feature relevance. Feature relevance can also be termed as feature importance. Simply speaking, a feature is said to be relevant or important if it adds real predictive value to the underlying model. The relevant features must display a stable statistical relationship or association with the outcome variable. Well, an association does not imply a causation. However, a relevant feature or a feature …
Quality Assurance / Testing the Machine Learning Model
This is the first post in the series of posts related to Quality Assurance & Testing Practices and Data Science / Machine Learning Models which I would release in next few months. The goal of this and upcoming posts would be to create a tool and framework which could help you design your testing/QA practices around data science/machine learning models. Why QA Practices for testing Machine Learning Models? Are you a test engineer and want to know about how you could make difference in AI initiative being undertaken by your current company? Are you a QA manager and looking for or researching tools and frameworks which could help your team perform QA with …
Is Blockchain a Database?
This video represents a comparison/difference between Blockchain and a traditional database form. Some of the following aspects of Blockchain is highlighted in the comparison: Blockchain copy maintained by the different member organizations Decentralized ownership Data immutability Consensus algorithm Transaction anonymity Users anonymity
Blockchain – Opportunities & Risks for Financial Institutions
Here is a good white paper/research report published by European Banking Authority (EBA) detailing out the opportunities and risks associated with the adoption of Blockchain in relation to financial institutions. Report on risks and opportunities arising for financial institutions due to FinTech Use cases related to some of the following are described: Usage of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and smart contracts for trade finance Use of DLT to streamline customer due diligence (CDD) processes In this use case, the “digital identity” concept is explored and described.
MongoDB Commands Cheat Sheet for Beginners
In this post, you will learn about MongoDB commands which could get you started and perform minimum database related activities such as create, update, drop a collection (table). These commands are ideally meant for MongoDB beginners and could be taken as the cheat sheet. You may want to bookmark this page for quick reference. MongoDB Commands Cheatsheet The following is the list of the commands: Start and stop the MongoDB Database Access the MongoDB database using Shell Show all databases Create a database, say, testdb; Switch to the database Until a collection is created in a database, the database name is not listed as a result of execution of the command, “show dbs” Add a …
I found it very helpful. However the differences are not too understandable for me