Author Archives: Ajitesh Kumar

Ajitesh Kumar

I have been recently working in the area of Data analytics including Data Science and Machine Learning / Deep Learning. I am also passionate about different technologies including programming languages such as Java/JEE, Javascript, Python, R, Julia, etc, and technologies such as Blockchain, mobile computing, cloud-native technologies, application security, cloud computing platforms, big data, etc. I would love to connect with you on Linkedin. Check out my latest book titled as First Principles Thinking: Building winning products using first principles thinking.

15 Tricky DevOps Architect Interview Questions & Answers

DevOps Architect Interview Topics

DevOps and DevSecOps are two sides of the same coin. They both share some goals, but they also have their differences. It is important to understand what each one means so that you can implement them properly in your organization. In this post, you will learn about some of the questions (and answers) which could be asked in the DevOps Architect interview. The following are some of the topics you might want to cover for doing interview preparation for DevOps Architect position: DevOps & DevSecOps concepts Setting up DevOps implementation DevOps reference architecture DevOps reference implementation Continuous delivery concepts & reference architecture Technologies (Tools s& Frameworks) Here is a related …

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Posted in Architecture, Career Planning, DevOps, Interview questions. Tagged with , .

Normal Distributions Questions and Answers for Interviews

normal distribution with different means and standard deviations

In order to be successful in normal distribution interviews, you need a solid understanding of the normal distribution. This blog post will focus on normal distribution questions and answers that are commonly asked in the data science and statistics interviews. Before jumping into questions and answers, lets quickly understand what normal distribution is. What is normal distribution?  A normal distribution is a symmetric, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data. The normal distribution has two parameters, mean and standard deviation. It is important to know these two parameters because they are used to calculate probabilities associated with the normal distribution. The normal curve describes how data …

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Posted in Career Planning, Data Science, Interview questions, statistics. Tagged with , .

Level of Significance & Hypothesis Testing

level of significance and hypothesis testing

In hypothesis testing, the level of significance is a measure of how confident you can be about rejecting the null hypothesis. This blog post will explore what hypothesis testing is and why understanding significance levels are important for your data science projects. In addition, you will also get to test your knowledge of level of significance towards the end of the blog with the help of quiz. These questions can help you test your understanding and prepare for data science / statistics interviews. Before we look into what level of significance is, let’s quickly understand what is hypothesis testing. What is Hypothesis testing and how is it related to significance …

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Posted in Data Science, statistics. Tagged with , .

P-Value & Hypothesis Testing: Examples

P-value explained with examples

Many describe p-value as the probability that the null hypothesis holds good. That is an incorrect definition. The concept of p-value is understood differently by different people and is considered as one of the most used & abused concepts in statistics, mostly in relation to hypothesis testing. In this blog post, you will learn the P-VALUE concepts with multiple different examples. It is extremely important to get a good understanding of P-value if you are starting to learn data science/machine learning as the concepts of P-value are key to hypothesis testing. Before getting into the description of p-value, let’s quickly go through the hypothesis testing concepts to get a good …

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Posted in Data Science, statistics. Tagged with , .

Type I & Type II Errors in Hypothesis Testing: Examples

This article describes Type I and Type II errors made due to incorrect evaluation of the outcome of hypothesis testing, based on a couple of examples such as the person comitting a crime, the house on fire, and Covid-19. You may want to note that it is key to understand type I and type II errors as these concepts will show up when we are evaluating a hypothesis such as those related to machine learning algorithms (linear regression, logistic regression, etc). For example, in the case of linear regression models, the significance value is compared with the p-value and, the null hypothesis that the parameter/coefficient is equal to zero is …

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Posted in Data Science, statistics. Tagged with , , .

E-commerce Machine Learning Use Cases: Examples

ecommerce machine learning use cases

In e-commerce, machine learning can be used to improve a number of decisions thereby resulting in creating a positive business impact. Not only does it help e-commerce organizations increase conversion rates and find the best deals for their customers, but it also helps them understand the customer better. This blog post will look at various different use cases where AI/machine learning and deep learning have been used in eCommerce. What are some key machine learning use cases in eCommerce? Here are some key areas in eCommerce where AI/machine learning can be leveraged: Product recommendation: One of the key use cases where machine learning has been used is to provide product …

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Posted in AI, ecommerce, Machine Learning. Tagged with .

Cybersecurity Machine Learning Use Cases: Examples

cybersecurity machine learning use cases

Cybersecurity professionals are increasingly finding cybersecurity machine learning use cases in their work. The reason for this is that cybersecurity has become more complicated and the scale of cybersecurity threats is growing exponentially. Machine learning can help to combat these cybersecurity threats by providing security teams with real-time alerts, but there are many cybersecurity machine learning use cases beyond just cybersecurity. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, in particular, machine learning models such as logistic regression, SVM and random forest, etc., and deep neural networks models such as CNN, LSTM, etc., have been widely used to fight against cyberattacks. In this blog post, we will look into how machine learning is being …

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Posted in AI, Deep Learning, Machine Learning. Tagged with , .

Python – Matplotlib Pyplot Plot Example

matplotlib pyplot plot example artistic layer

Matplotlib is a matlab-like plotting library for python. It can create both 2D and 3D plots, with the help of matplotlib pyplot. Matplotlib can be used in interactive environments such as IPython notebook, Matlab, octave, qt-console and wxpython terminal. Matplotlib has a modular architecture with each layer having its own dependencies which makes matplotlib very versatile and allows users to use only those modules they need for their applications. matplotlib provides many hooks that allow developers to customize matplotlib features as they need. Matplotlib architecture has a clear separation between user interface and drawing code which makes it easy to customize or create new interfaces for matplotlib. In this blog …

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Posted in Data Science, Python. Tagged with , .

Survival Analysis Modeling for Customer Churn

survival analysis customer churn

Customer churn is a prevalent problem for many businesses. It can happen in several different ways, such as when customers stop using the product, or when they leave because of an issue with customer service. This blog post will explore survival analysis modeling and what it can do to help you better understand customer churn problems. First, we will discuss survival analysis itself and why it is beneficial for analyzing customer behavior. Then we will show some examples on how survival analysis has been used to analyze customer churn problems. As data scientists, it will be good to familiarize ourselves with survival analysis, as it is a popular modeling technique …

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Posted in Data Science, statistics. Tagged with , , .

Elbow Method vs Silhouette Score – Which is Better?

In K-means clustering, elbow method and silhouette analysis or score techniques are used to find the number of clusters in a dataset. The elbow method is used to find the “elbow” point, where adding additional data samples does not change cluster membership much. Silhouette score determines whether there are large gaps between each sample and all other samples within the same cluster or across different clusters. In this post, you will learn about these two different methods to use for finding optimal number of clusters in K-means clustering. Selecting optimal number of clusters is key to applying clustering algorithm to the dataset. As a data scientist, knowing these two techniques to find …

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Posted in Data Science, Machine Learning, Python. Tagged with , , , .

Hello World – Altair Python Install in Jupyter Notebook

Altair visualization python

This blog post will walk you through the steps needed to install Altair graphical libraries in Jupyter Notebook. For data scientists, Altair visualization library can prove to very useful. In this blog, we’ll look at how to download and install Altair, as well as some examples of using Altair capabilities for data visualization. What is Altair? Altair is a free statistical visualization library that can be used with python (2 or 3). It provides high-quality interactive graphics via an integrated plotting function ́plot() that produces publication-quality figures in a variety of hardcopy formats and interactive environments across platforms. Altair is also easy to learn, with intuitive commands like ‘plot’, ‘hist’ …

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Posted in Data Science, Python. Tagged with , .

Different types of Machine Learning: Models / Algorithms

supervised vs unsupervised machine learning

Machine learning is a type of machine intelligence that enables computers to learn and improve without being explicitly programmed. It’s based on the idea that we can build systems which allow our data to do the talking, by finding patterns in vast quantities of information. These machine learning algorithms require different types of machine-learning models trained using different algorithms, depending on what problem they are trying to solve or how accurate an answer needs to be. In this blog post, we will discuss the following four different types of machine learning models / algorithms: Supervised learning Unsupervised learning Semi-supervised learning Reinforcement learning What is supervised learning? Supervised learning is defined …

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Posted in Data Science, Machine Learning. Tagged with , .

Google Cloud Automl: Business Application Examples

Google cloud platform GCP Automl Services

Google cloud platform (GCP) automl services are a set of google cloud platform products with a focus on machine learning and automation. They help you to automate several tasks related to machine learning. In this blog post, we’ll talk about google cloud automl services and some common business problems that can be solved using these GCP automl services. What are some popular Google Cloud Automl services? Google cloud automl services include some of the following: Google Cloud Vision can be used to perform tasks related to image recognition like face detection, OCR (optical character recognition), landmark detection, etc. Google’s cloud vision can detect emotions, understand text, and more. The service …

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Posted in Google Cloud, Machine Learning. Tagged with , , .

NIT Warangal offers one-week online training on AI, Machine Learning

NIT Warangal one week course on AI and machine learning

Are you interested in learning about AI and Machine Learning, or refresing your concepts? NIT Warangal offers one-week online paid training (minimal fees) on AI, Machine Learning. This program is a great opportunity for students to learn about AI & machine learning basics and advanced concepts. It is organized by the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Department of R&D in association with Center of Continuing Education. It will be taught by experience professors who have years of experience in their respective fields. The course will take place between 30th November to 4th December 2021, and it is open to all Faculty/ Research Scholars/Industry professionals/ and other eligible students …

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Posted in AI, Data Science, Machine Learning, Online Courses. Tagged with , , .

ML Engineer vs Data Scientist: Differences & Similarities

ML Engineer vs Data Scientist

In today’s world, ML (machine learning) engineer and Data scientist are two popular job positions. These positions have a lot of overlap but there are also some key differences to be aware of. In this blog post, we will go over the details of ML engineers vs Data scientists so you can decide which one is right for you! What does an ML engineer do? An ML engineer primarily designs and develops machine learning systems. Before getting into the roles & responsibilities of an ML engineer, let’s understand what is a machine learning system. A machine learning system can be defined as a system that comprises of one or more …

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Posted in Data Science, Machine Learning. Tagged with , .

Real-World Applications of Convolutional Neural Networks

Input image along with convolutional layer

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a type of deep learning algorithm that has been used in a variety of real-world applications. CNNs can be trained to classify images, detect objects in an image, and even predict the next word in a sentence with incredible accuracy. CNNs can also be applied to more complex tasks such as natural language processing (NLP). CNNs are very good at solving classification problems because they’re able to identify patterns within data sets. This blog post will explore some CNN applications and discuss how CNN models can be used to solve real-world problems. Before getting into the details of CNN applications, let’s quickly understand what are …

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Posted in Deep Learning, Machine Learning. Tagged with , .