Logistic Regression: Sigmoid Function Python Code

In this post, you will learn about the following:

• How to represent the probability that an event will take place with the asssociated features (attributes / independent features)
• Sigmoid function python code

Probability as Sigmoid Function

The below is the Logit Function code representing association between the probability that an event will occur and independent features.

$$Logit Function = \log(\frac{P}{(1-P)}) = {w_0} + {w_1}{x_1} + {w_2}{x_2} + …. + {w_n}{x_n}$$

$$Logit Function = \log(\frac{P}{(1-P)}) = W^TX$$

$$P = \frac{1}{1 + e^-W^TX}$$

The above equation can be called as sigmoid function.

Python Code for Sigmoid Function

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Sigmoid function
#
def sigmoid(z):
    return 1 / (1 + np.exp(-z))
# Creating sample Z points
#
z = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.1)

# Invoking Sigmoid function on all Z points
#
phi_z = sigmoid(z)

# Plotting the Sigmoid function
#
plt.plot(z, phi_z)
plt.axvline(0.0, color='k')
plt.xlabel('z')
plt.ylabel('$\phi(z)$')
plt.yticks([0.0, 0.5, 1.0])
ax = plt.gca()
ax.yaxis.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

Executing the above code would result in the following plot:

Fig 1: Logistic Regression – Sigmoid Function Plot

Pay attention to some of the following in above plot:

• gca() function: Get the current axes on the current figure
• axvline() function: Draw the vertical line at the given value of X
• yticks() function: Get or set the current tick locations of the y-axis