In the examples below, diamonds dataset from ggplot2 package is considered. This is how a diamond dataset looks like:
Following are four different technique/method using which one could retrieve a data frame column as a vector.
# In the data set shown above, carat represents column name and hence, [['carat']]
carat1 <- diamonds[['carat']]
# In the data set shown above, carat represents 1st column and hence, index 1
carat2 <- diamonds[,1]
# Pay attention to usage of dollar $ operator
carat3 <- diamonds$carat
# In the data set shown above, carat represents column name and hence, [, "carat"]
carat4 <- diamonds[,"carat"]
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